Fredrick samuel turing



P. S. THRING. WRENGH.

(No Model.)

No. 455,133. Patented June 30, 1891.

mad 7 wwmooe/a 522 211. 2. Turner: fi.

UNITED STATES PAT NT OFFICE.

FREDRICK SAMUEL THRING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 455,133, dated June 30,1891.

Application filed October 9, 1890.

To all whom itmayconcern:

Be it known that I, FREDRIOK SAMUEL THRING, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in iVrenches;and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the ac companying drawings, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

The invention relates to improvements inratchet-wrenches, pertainingparticularly to reversible wrenches of that class; and it consists inthe construction, arrangement, and novel combination of partshereinafter described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, andpointed out in the claims hereto appended.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of referencedesignate similar parts Figure 1 represents a perspective view of areversible ratchet-wrench embodying the invention. Fig. 2 represents arear view thereof with the boxing covering the pawls removed. Fig. 3represents a central longitudinal section of the inner end of the wrenchto show the construction of the locking device for the detachablerotatory head, the said head not being in section. Fig. 4 represents aface view of the detachable rotatory head.

Referring to the drawings by letter, A designates the shank of thewrench, provided at its outer end with a rounded handle a for theconvenience of the workman. The said shank A is flat from front to rearand its innor end is rounded and provided with a cylindrical boss a,through which and the corresponding part of the rounded end of the shankextends the central transverse opening a serving a purpose hereinafterexplained.

B designates the detachable rotatory Wrench-head, preferably cylindricalin shape, provided with a recess b in its front to fit over a nut ofcorresponding size and contour,

Serial No. 367,547. (No model.)

and having the projection b standing centrally from its rear and fittingsnugly into the opening a in the shank and boss thereof. The saidprojection is provided with a central longitudinal bore b circular incrosssection, and has formed on its rear or outer end, which projectsoutside of the opening a in the shank-head, the circular or ring ratchetC, which has its teeth properly shaped to engage pawls on opposite sidesin opposite directions, as in all reversible ratchetwrenches. c is acircumferential groove made in the projection b at a proper position toengage the joints of the latch of the locking' device, hereinafterdescribed.

It is evident from the foregoing description and from the fact that thewrench-head is detachable, that similar heads having recesses 0 suitableto fit nuts of different sizes and shapes may be attached to thewrench-shank.

The locking device prevents the detachment of the rotatoryhead from theshank, and its construction is as follows: D is a latch or latching-boltresting centrally and longitudinally on the front surface of the shankA,

with its rounded inner end (Z projecting through a suitable opening inthe adjoining part of the ,boss a into the opening a and engaging in thecircumferential groove 0 of the projection 12, in order to prevent thehead B being withdrawn from the shank. The said end d is prevented frompassing too far in and binding the head B by the shoulder d, thatengages against the outer surface of the boss a. The latchD is held tothe shank by means of the longitudinal slot (Z in said latch and theset-screw 01 passing through said slot and engaging in a threaded recessin the shank, so that when the latch is drawn outward and the said screwturned up the latch will be held from engagement and the head B can bedetached from the wrenchshank. p

The latch D is forced into engagement with the groove 0 by the followingmeans: E-is a longitudinal recessin the front of the Wrenchshankadjoining said latch, and e is a spring, preferably a coiled spring,seated in said recess, with its outer end bearing against the outershoulder of said recess, while its inner end bears against a projectione, standing recesses in the shank.

from the latch into the recess, and forces the latch into engagement.

The means of reversing the action of the wrench are as follows: F F aretwo similar pawls situated on opposite'sides of the ratchets G on therear side of the shank A and provided with similar joints or heads ff,arranged to engage said ratchet in opposite directions. The said pawlshave concave inner or facing edges ff and are pivoted at their outerends upon the screws 0, that pass through openings in the outer plate ofthe casing E and engage in suitable threaded Each pawl has beariug uponits outer edge near its engaging end the inner end of a spring 72, theouter end of which is secured to the corresponding side 71 of thecasingE, so that the said springs act to force the corresponding pawlsinto engagement with the ratchet C.

I is a segmental cam pivoted in its central line or longitudinal axis ona pin that has bearings on the outer plate of the casing II and in theshank A. The said cam has at equal distances on each side of its pivotthe rounded joints '11 i, that are arranged to bearagainstthecorresponding concaveinneredges f f of the pawls F F, and isprovided with a frontward -projeeting arm i, that extends outward fromthe casing II and by means of which the cam I can have its positionreversed.

The operation of the pawls and cam I is as follows: \Vhen the cam I hasits arm 6' turned toward the pawl F, the corresponding joint z' of saidcam disengages from said pawl, and the corresponding spring 7L forcessaid pawl into engagement with the ratchet C, while the opposite pointof the cam forces the pawl F out of engagement with the ratchet againstthe pressure of the spring 71. on the same side, so that the revolublehead B can be turned in one direction. Byreversing the position of thecam by means of its arm 2" the pawl F can be engaged and the pawl Fdisengaged, and the head B can then be turned in the opposite direction.

Having described my invention, I claim 1. In a wrench, the combination,with the shank thereof, of a detachable rotatory wrench-head having inits front or face a recess to fit over a nut, and means, substantiallyas described, whereby the head can be locked to the wrench-shank withoutpermitting the rotation of said head, substantially as specified.

2. In a wrench, the combination, with the wrench-shank having atransverse circular opening in its inner end, and a detachable rotatorywrench-head provided with a projection arranged to [it and turn in saidopening and having a circumferential groove at a suitable point, of alatch attached to the wrench-shank and having a point arranged to engagein said groove and a spring to force said latch into engagement,substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the wrench-shank and the detachable rotatorywrench-head having a circumferential groove in its projection within theopening in the said shank, of the latch having a joint to engage withinsaid groove and a longitudinal slot, and the setscrew passing throughsaid slot and engaging in a threaded recess in the shank,whereby thelatch may be moved and held out of engage ment, substantially asspecified.

i. In a wrench, the combination, with the shank and the rotatory headturning in an opening in the said shank and having a ratchet formed uponits end extended beyond the back or rear of the shank, of the similaropposite pawls engaging the ratchet in opposite directions, the springsto force said pawls into engagement, and the cam pivoted between saidpawls and having opposite lateral points,

which when the cam is turned on its pivot move one pawl out ofengagement with the ratchet and permit the opposite pawl to be engagedby its corresponding spring, substantially as specified.

5. In a reversible ratchet-wrench, the combination, with the shank, therotatory wrenchhead, and the ratchet formed on the rear end of theprojection of said head outside of said shank, of the similar oppositepawls F F, having the heads f to engage the ratchet in oppositedirections, the springs 71, h to force said pawls into engagement, andthe segmental cam I, having the joints '1' i at equal distances on eachside of its pivoted point, and the arms 11, by means of which the saidcam may be reversed and thereby reverse the action of the wrench,substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I aftix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRIEDRICH SAMUEL THRING.

"Witnesses:

ll. 0. COPELAND, I. J. AUERBAGH.

